Three-dimensional or 3d engraving produces images with amazing, detail-rich results. Engraving has been considered both an art form and a communication skill since the dawn of man. When a sharp object was first used to strategically etch a picture or message in a hard surface, engraving was born. Science and technology have grown this simple process into a significant industry. Three dimensional or 3d images are now generated, aided by computers and laser cutting tools. Prior to lasers, there were tool bits, which were effective, but only for a short time under heavy use. As the image was generated by the bit, the bit was worn by the process. This gave rise to the need for a more durable engraving tool. The development of laser technology answered the need.
How does 3d laser engraving work?
The 3d laser engraving process involves a beam of light which is guided by some type of controller, commonly a computer, to precisely etch a predetermined, pre-programmed image. There are three main types of engraving devices The X-Y table, characterized by, either a moving laser and a fixed surface, or fixed laser and moving surface, where vector drawings are created along the X and Y axis. For cylinder-shaped pieces or sheets of engraving material wrapped around a cylinder, a laser uses on/off pulsing to create a raster image. A third method has both the surface to be engraved and the laser fixed in place, creating the engraving by moving the beam with mirrors. Either a raster or vector drawing is possible from this process.
What types of products can laser engraving produce?
3d Laser engraving machines have become quite sophisticated. There are dual purpose machines that not only generate 3d images on crystal surfaces, but 2d images on metal, plastic or leather materials. At the other end of the spectrum is SSLE or sub-surface laser engraving. 3d laser engraved crystal products are dramatic in that they show an image inside the crystal. Utilizing SSLE, drawings are created and etched along an x, y and z axis to achieve a true 3d result.
What equipment is necessary?
To achieve the desired quality of 3d laser engraving products, several pieces of equipment and software are required. The 3d image that is used as a guide to the laser engraving process is often created with a special 3d camera. These generate precisely the type image that can be read by the 3d engraving software which creates the vector or raster drawing instructions executed by the laser engraving machine on to the surface. The types of images required, and the materials needed, will drive the decisions on brand, type and investment into these items. In each decision, allow space and resources for proper location and training of operators.
From awards to decorative and commemorative pieces to fine jewelry, the applications are many. As technology and materials continue to improve, more dramatic images will be possible on materials that showcase the incredible level of detail attainable with 3d engraving.